The most important bile acid transformation is 7α-dehydroxylation, producing deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA). Antibiotic therapy can perturb the gut microbiota and thereby impair the production of protective secondary bile acids. In contrast, physiological concentrations of the various intestinal bile acid species play an important role in the resistance to intestinal colonization by pathogens such as Clostridium difficile. Intestinal commensal organisms are well-adapted to normal concentrations of bile acids in the gut. In all these functions their potency is modulated by a variety of chemical modifications catalyzed by bacteria of the healthy gut microbiota, generating a complex variety of secondary bile acids. 9German Center for Infection Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Partner Site Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germanyīile acids, important mediators of lipid absorption, also act as hormone-like regulators and as antimicrobial molecules.8Clostridia Research Group, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Synthetic Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.7Maurice Müller Laboratories (DKF), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.6Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Minton 8, Bärbel Stecher 4,9, Rizlan Bernier-Latmani 3 and Siegfried Hapfelmeier 1 * Nicolas Studer 1,2, Lyne Desharnais 3, Markus Beutler 4, Sandrine Brugiroux 4, Miguel A.
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